Minimization

Dear Lammps -Users

I have gotten a problem in relaxation of nano-crystalline structure. the structure was first relaxed using a min_style cg with an energy and force tolerance of 1e-7 EV. then the samples were annealed from 300 to 900 k to relax the grain boundaries and then cooled from 900 to 300 K with NPT ensemble, but when i take a look at the dump file , the initial structure was fully 100% bcc structure but after the relaxiation, just 10 were bcc and 90 were other structure (Amorph structure),

I dont know what causes the change in structure, i mean instead of atoms oscillation, the atoms have been moved, here is my input script and the log file,

by the way, i have studied published papers in this field( nanocrystallline) and unfortunately i couldnt apply their simulation methods in my system.

High temperature equilibration (900 K)

units metal
boundary p p p
atom_style atomic
read_data data.FeC

pair_style meam
pair_coeff * * FeC.library.meam Fe C FeC.meam Fe C
neighbor 2.0 bin
neigh_modify delay 10
compute new all temp
compute centro all centro/atom bcc
compute pea all pe/atom

velocity all create 300.0 5812775 temp new
thermo 500
thermo_style custom step temp pe ke etotal press vol lx ly lz pxx pyy pzz pxy pxz pyz
thermo_modify lost warn norm yes temp new

fix 1 all box/relax aniso 0.0 vmax 0.1
timestep 0.0001
min_style cg
min_modify dmax 0.2 line quadratic
minimize 1.0e-7 1.0e-7 1000 1000
dump 1 all cfg 500 dump.1.*.cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 1 element Fe C
unfix 1

fix 1 all npt temp 300.0 900.0 0.1 iso 0.0 0.0 1000.0
fix 2 all temp/rescale 10 300.0 900.0 10.0 1.0
fix_modify 2 temp new
dump 2 all cfg 500 dump.1.*.cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 2 element Fe C
log log1.data
run 3000
unfix 1
unfix 2

fix 1 all npt temp 900.0 300.0 100 iso 0.0 0.0 1000.0
fix 2 all temp/rescale 10 900.0 300.0 10.0 1.0
fix_modify 2 temp new
dump 3 all cfg 500 dump.3.*.cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 3 element Fe C
log log2.data
restart 1000 relax.restart
run 10000

Log file:
LAMMPS (24 Dec 2015)

High temperature equilibration (900 K)

units metal
boundary p p p
atom_style atomic
read_data data.FeC
orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (140 100 80)
2 by 2 by 1 MPI processor grid
reading atoms …
88876 atoms

pair_style meam
pair_coeff * * FeC.library.meam Fe C FeN.meam Fe C
neighbor 2.0 bin
neigh_modify delay 10
compute new all temp
compute centro all centro/atom bcc
compute pea all pe/atom

velocity all create 300.0 5812775 temp new
thermo 500
thermo_style custom step temp pe ke etotal press vol lx ly lz pxx pyy pzz pxy pxz pyz
thermo_modify lost warn norm yes temp new

fix 1 all box/relax aniso 0.0 vmax 0.1
timestep 0.0001
min_style cg
min_modify dmax 0.2 line quadratic
minimize 1.0e-7 1.0e-7 1000 1000
WARNING: Resetting reneighboring criteria during minimization (…/min.cpp:168)
Neighbor list info …
3 neighbor list requests
update every 1 steps, delay 0 steps, check yes
max neighbors/atom: 2000, page size: 100000
master list distance cutoff = 6
ghost atom cutoff = 6
binsize = 3 -> bins = 47 34 27
Memory usage per processor = 42.8212 Mbytes
Step Temp PotEng KinEng TotEng Press Volume Lx Ly Lz Pxx Pyy Pzz Pxy Pxz Pyz
0 300 -4.1405444 0.038777607 -4.1017668 -6558.6124 1120000 140 100 80 -6616.8224 -6820.6017 -6238.4129 -54.283977 609.05672 240.92253
33 300 -4.1605599 0.038777607 -4.1217823 530.58275 1114851.1 139.90798 99.822006 79.826684 -1449.7818 1347.6099 1693.9201 -40.160126 929.12402 19.99202
Loop time of 56.2653 on 4 procs for 33 steps with 88876 atoms

96.3% CPU use with 4 MPI tasks x no OpenMP threads

Minimization stats:
Stopping criterion = energy tolerance
Energy initial, next-to-last, final =
-4.1405444382 -4.16055956552 -4.16055986758
Force two-norm initial, final = 11928.5 3799.99
Force max component initial, final = 7067.09 3302.27
Final line search alpha, max atom move = 3.20355e-05 0.10579
Iterations, force evaluations = 33 85

MPI task timing breakdown:
Section | min time | avg time | max time |%varavg| %total

maryam,

you are using fix npt *and* fix temp/rescale at the same time. that is
a very, *very* bad idea and will create bogus simulation data.
also your heating and cooling simulation times are ridiculously short.
how much relaxation do you think can happen in a few picoseconds?
where/how did you learn doing MD simulations?

axel.

Dear Axel

i have done aslo the cooling and heating cycles in 130ps and get the same results as in 0.1 ps ( the structure changes to an amorphe one)

regarding my simulation code, i have two problems:

  1. after 33 time step, the energy of the system reaches to it minimiz state (very short step, as my maximum iteration is 1000 time step)

  2. why the atoms move instead of oscilliating which lead to the 10 bcc structure and 90 others (amorph) according CNA analysis.

  3. Which ensemble do you suggest to use in annealing?

Regards, Maryam

Dear Axel
i have done aslo the cooling and heating cycles in 130ps and get the same
results as in 0.1 ps ( the structure changes to an amorphe one)
regarding my simulation code, i have two problems:
1. after 33 time step, the energy of the system reaches to it minimiz state
(very short step, as my maximum iteration is 1000 time step)

i have no idea what you are trying to say here.

2. why the atoms move instead of oscilliating which lead to the 10 bcc structure and 90 others (amorph) according CNA analysis.

all of these discussions are pointless for as long as your simulation is bogus

3. Which ensemble do you suggest to use in annealing?

you are worrying about minor issues but are ignoring the elephant in the room.
you *must not* thermostat the same atoms twice. that is just wrong.

your LAMMPS input and your questions indicate that you have to improve
your understanding of MD significantly and at a rather fundamental
level. you cannot learn this from reading the LAMMPS documentation
(manual only explains how to use LAMMPS, in the same way as an owner's
manual of a car only explains how to use it, but it does not teach you
how to drive) or posting questions to the mailing list.

axel.

Dear Axel

the problem is about minimization. when i minimize the system the atoms move instead of oscillation.

here is my input file:

High temperature equilibration (900 K)

units metal
boundary p p p
atom_style atomic
read_data data.Fe

pair_style meam
pair_coeff * * FeC.library.meam Fe C FeN.meam Fe C
neighbor 2.0 bin
neigh_modify delay 10 check yes
compute new all temp
compute centro all centro/atom bcc
compute pea all pe/atom

############ Energy minimization and pressure minimization ######################
thermo 100
timestep 0.001
velocity all create 0.1 12345 mom yes rot no dist gaussian
fix 1 all nve/limit 0.1
thermo_style custom step temp pe ke etotal press vol lx ly lz pxx pyy pzz pxy pxz pyz
thermo_modify lost warn norm yes temp new
min_style cg
min_modify dmax 0.1 line quadratic
minimize 1.00e-30 1.00e-30 100000 1000000
dump 11 all cfg 100 dump.11.*.cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 11 element Fe C
run 1000
unfix 1

thermo 100
timestep 0.001
fix 1 all box/relax aniso 0.0 vmax 0.1
thermo_style custom step temp pe ke etotal press vol lx ly lz pxx pyy pzz pxy pxz pyz
thermo_modify lost warn norm yes temp new
min_style cg
min_modify dmax 0.1 line quadratic
restart 100 restart.relax1.*
dump 1 all cfg 100 dump.1.*.cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 1 element Fe C

run 1000
unfix 1

################ Equilibration at desired temperature ############################
thermo 100
timestep 0.001
velocity all create 300.0 12345 mom yes rot no
fix 1 all npt temp 300.0 300.0 1.0 iso 0 0 1 drag 1

dump 2 all cfg 1000 dump.2..cfg mass type xs ys zs vx vy vz
dump_modify 2 element Fe C
thermo 100
run 250000
restart 1000 restart.relax2.

unfix 1

and my log file:
units metal
boundary p p p
atom_style atomic
read_data data.FeC
orthogonal box = (0 0 0) to (140 100 80)
2 by 2 by 1 MPI processor grid
reading atoms …
88876 atoms
mass 1 55.845
mass 2 14.0067
pair_style meam
pair_coeff * * FeC.library.meam Fe C FeN.meam Fe C
neighbor 2.0 bin
neigh_modify delay 10 check yes
compute new all temp
compute centro all centro/atom bcc
compute pea all pe/atom

############ Energy minimization and pressure minimization ######################
thermo 100
timestep 0.001
velocity all create 0.1 12345 mom yes rot no dist gaussian
fix 1 all nve/limit 0.1
thermo_style custom step temp pe ke etotal press vol lx ly lz pxx pyy pzz pxy pxz pyz
thermo_modify lost warn norm yes temp new
min_style cg
min_modify dmax 0.1 line quadratic
minimize 1.00e-30 1.00e-30 100000 1000000
WARNING: Resetting reneighboring criteria during minimization (…/min.cpp:168)
Neighbor list info …
3 neighbor list requests
update every 1 steps, delay 0 steps, check yes
max neighbors/atom: 2000, page size: 100000
master list distance cutoff = 6
ghost atom cutoff = 6
binsize = 3 -> bins = 47 34 27
Memory usage per processor = 42.8212 Mbytes
Step Temp PotEng KinEng TotEng Press Volume Lx Ly Lz Pxx Pyy Pzz Pxy Pxz Pyz
0 0.1 -4.1405444 1.2925869e-05 -4.1405315 -9844.2661 1120000 140 100 80 -9893.4546 -10108.487 -9530.8565 -57.717612 595.17496 234.57695
100 0.1 -4.2732561 1.2925869e-05 -4.2732432 -4941.2916 1120000 140 100 80 -4449.3666 -5253.3583 -5121.15 621.80163 -113.2688 297.89997
200 0.1 -4.464583 1.2925869e-05 -4.4645701 11015.015 1120000 140 100 80 11150.142 11281.984 10612.919 88.442378 92.553812 -190.23668
300 0.1 -4.6381648 1.2925869e-05 -4.6381519 26432.926 1120000 140 100 80 26493.021 26390.383 26415.374 488.00074 -235.74084 -1224.7864
400 0.1 -4.7108241 1.2925869e-05 -4.7108112 29027.741 1120000 140 100 80 29133.111 29203.572 28746.54 16.306249 -415.05339 -1303.8977
500 0.1 -4.7238692 1.2925869e-05 -4.7238563 27097.104 1120000 140 100 80 27405.996 27184.727 26700.587 229.64759 -436.69845 -1146.3674
600 0.1 -4.7300793 1.2925869e-05 -4.7300663 25429.336 1120000 140 100 80 25580.032 25553.783 25154.193 88.019133 -406.4028 -1002.0141
700 0.1 -4.7340564 1.2925869e-05 -4.7340435 24604.667 1120000 140 100 80 24808.597 24585.807 24419.596 174.27018 -606.53438 -1026.2291
800 0.1 -4.736793 1.2925869e-05 -4.7367801 24536.256 1120000 140 100 80 24654.22 24156.475 24798.072 166.49171 -462.62703 -1023.5011
900 0.1 -4.7382455 1.2925869e-05 -4.7382326 23189.939 1120000 140 100 80 23496.966 23060.949 23011.902 56.73325 -525.06219 -934.12987
1000 0.1 -4.7396865 1.2925869e-05 -4.7396736 24394.473 1120000 140 100 80 24468.283 24126.477 24588.658 546.20284 275.60424 -933.82839
1100 0.1 -4.7409369 1.2925869e-05 -4.7409239 22480.12 1120000 140 100 80 22781.051 22487.969 22171.341 130.49873 -474.35882 -986.06899
1200 0.1 -4.7418013 1.2925869e-05 -4.7417884 22012.681 1120000 140 100 80 22331.999 21952.921 21753.124 126.50724 -538.61158 -988.64086
1300 0.1 -4.7431205 1.2925869e-05 -4.7431076 21749.864 1120000 140 100 80 22036.946 21947.202 21265.443 -136.26293 -486.14611 -1103.5062
1400 0.1 -4.7438003 1.2925869e-05 -4.7437874 21414.734 1120000 140 100 80 21813.092 21402.079 21029.031 111.8703 -477.01793 -1075.0571
1500 0.1 -4.7446997 1.2925869e-05 -4.7446868 21162.509 1120000 140 100 80 21598.237 21067.984 20821.305 35.347918 -551.9113 -1134.6
1600 0.1 -4.7452812 1.2925869e-05 -4.7452682 20759.591 1120000 140 100 80 21248.119 20613.815 20416.838 102.82343 -458.57893 -1109.2384
1700 0.1 -4.7458872 1.2925869e-05 -4.7458743 20626.565 1120000 140 100 80 21029.04 20629.187 20221.469 107.07611 -582.50914 -950.87427
1800 0.1 -4.7463448 1.2925869e-05 -4.7463319 20809.856 1120000 140 100 80 21103.256 20980.425 20345.887 291.4954 -387.60809 -1001.9846
1900 0.1 -4.7469536 1.2925869e-05 -4.7469407 20321.649 1120000 140 100 80 20780.418 20223.698 19960.832 179.78893 -552.27265 -1085.6811
2000 0.1 -4.7473926 1.2925869e-05 -4.7473796 20047.574 1120000 140 100 80 20491.29 19993.795 19657.636 181.16201 -504.68243 -1049.0556
2100 0.1 -4.7477208 1.2925869e-05 -4.7477079 19887.499 1120000 140 100 80 20347.968 19755.109 19559.421 142.56269 -416.85803 -1010.2601
2200 0.1 -4.7479533 1.2925869e-05 -4.7479404 19968.393 1120000 140 100 80 20457.051 19772.429 19675.699 245.76 -552.51831 -911.18201
2300 0.1 -4.7483006 1.2925869e-05 -4.7482876 20065.572 1120000 140 100 80 20587.357 20034.944 19574.417 67.854625 -393.64214 -1080.2475
2400 0.1 -4.7486304 1.2925869e-05 -4.7486174 19565.69 1120000 140 100 80 20138.999 19335.219 19222.851 112.9441 -451.92987 -954.19666
2500 0.1 -4.7489403 1.2925869e-05 -4.7489273 19445.909 1120000 140 100 80 19870.284 19380.54 19086.904 90.612063 -567.3949 -860.74004
2600 0.1 -4.7492857 1.2925869e-05 -4.7492728 19548.282 1120000 140 100 80 19992.336 19395.257 19257.253 158.81688 -513.61094 -1008.3714
2700 0.1 -4.749498 1.2925869e-05 -4.7494851 19562.024 1120000 140 100 80 19906.326 19608.919 19170.826 165.29674 -480.89002 -746.0928
2800 0.1 -4.7497323 1.2925869e-05 -4.7497193 19192.381 1120000

i dont know why when i do minimization my structure doesnt maintain Bcc structure.

thats my problem.

Maryam

Dear Axel
the problem is about minimization. when i minimize the system the atoms
move instead of oscillation.

​you are just repeating what you already said.

​[...]

i dont know why when i do minimization my structure doesnt maintain Bcc
structure.
thats my problem.

​do you have any indication that the potential style and the specific
parameters you are using actually *do* reproduce bcc and that your geometry
is suitable for this?​

in any case, this is becoming repetitive. you keep telling me, that you
don't get the results you expect, but you don't provide any dependable
explanation for why things should be this way (i.e. proof that you are
exactly reproducing a previous publication).
so i have to tell you again, that this is something that is not about
LAMMPS but about how to do research with classical force fields, and that
is beyond the scope of this mailing list. however, it is within the scope
of what your adviser/superviser is supposed to help you with and for which
plenty of textbook material and published articles exist. if the current
problem is too challenging to you, you need to work on something simpler
first to learn how the methodology works and how you understand and
"control" that you get the right science out of your calculations.

please think about this for a few days before you repost the more-or-less
same message again followed by "i don't understand why i don't get what i
expect". figuring out is what being a researcher is all about. nobody has
the time to do your part of this for you.

axel.

Of course they move. That’s the point of minimization.